at the expense of sth
英 /æt ðə ɪkˈspɛns əv sʌmθɪŋ/美 /æt ðə ɪkˈspɛns əv sʌmθɪŋ/
prep. phrase 介词短语
以...为代价;在损害...的情况下
核心含义
该短语的基本含义是“以...为代价”,即为了获得或实现某事物而牺牲、损害或消耗另一事物。其核心引申关系是从“费用”的本义出发:expense 原指“花费、开支”,at the expense of 字面意思是“由...支付费用”,后引申为“以...为牺牲品”。主要义项包括:1) 以(金钱、时间、精力等)为代价,强调付出;2) 以(某人或某物)为牺牲,强调损害。例如:“He built his career at the expense of his health.”(他以健康为代价建立了事业。)
构词与来源
expense 源自拉丁语 expensa,意为“花费”,由 ex-(出)+ pendere(称重、支付)构成,原指称量货币以支付。at the expense of 这一介词短语直接由 at(在...状态下)+ the expense(费用)+ of(...的)组成,字面义为“在...的费用下”,后来费用引申为“代价”。记忆时可联想“支付费用”即“付出代价”,从而掌握其含义。
适用语境
该短语常用于正式或半正式语境,如学术写作、新闻报道和商务沟通中,表示权衡取舍或负面后果。在学术论文中常用来描述研究方法或政策选择的代价;新闻报道则用于描述经济、政治决策的牺牲;商务邮件中可能指为了利润而牺牲质量或员工福利。在日常口语中较少使用,若使用则带有严肃或批评语气。例如:“The company increased profits at the expense of employee safety.”(公司以员工安全为代价提高利润。)
用法要点
该短语作为介词短语,后接名词或动名词,通常放在句末或句首。常见句型为“do something at the expense of something”。易错点:一是误用为“at the expense to”,正确介词是 of;二是其后接动词时需用动名词形式,如“at the expense of losing...”而非“at the expense to lose”。此外,该短语常与动词如“achieve, build, increase, pursue”等搭配,表示“以...为代价实现...”。
同义词区别
与“at the cost of”意思相近,二者可互换,但“at the cost of”更强调成本或代价,“at the expense of”更强调牺牲或损害。与“at the price of”类似,但“price”更偏向于具体价格或抽象代价。与“in exchange for”相比,后者中性,不强调损害。与“at the sacrifice of”相比,后者更强调主动牺牲,常带情感色彩。选择时:若强调损害,用“at the expense of”;若强调成本,用“at the cost of”;若中性交换,用“in exchange for”。
使用注意
该短语语域中性偏正式,常用于书面语。带有负面色彩,暗示所牺牲的事物是不好的、不应发生的。使用时需明确“代价”是负面的,避免用于积极交换。常见误用:将其与“at the cost of”完全等同,但后者有时可表示中性代价;或将“expense”误用为复数“expenses”,应固定为单数。注意不要与“at someone's expense”混淆,后者意为“以某人为代价”或“针对某人开玩笑”。
词语搭配
| at the expense of health | 以健康为代价 |
| at the expense of quality | 以质量为代价 |
| at the expense of safety | 以安全为代价 |
| at the expense of others | 以他人为代价 |
| at the expense of the environment | 以环境为代价 |
| at the expense of accuracy | 以准确性为代价 |
| at the expense of time | 以时间为代价 |
例句
- He pursued his dream at the expense of his family life.他以家庭生活为代价追求梦想。
- The company cut costs at the expense of product quality.公司以牺牲产品质量为代价削减成本。
- Economic growth was achieved at the expense of the environment.经济增长是以环境为代价实现的。
- She gained weight at the expense of her health.她以健康为代价增加了体重。
- The team won the match at the expense of several injuries.球队以多名队员受伤为代价赢得了比赛。
- He made a joke at the expense of his colleague.他开了个同事的玩笑(以同事为笑柄)。