be afraid of doing sth.
英 /bi əˈfreɪd əv ˈduːɪŋ sʌmθɪŋ/美 /bi əˈfreɪd əv ˈduːɪŋ sʌmθɪŋ/
固定搭配
害怕做某事;担心做某事
核心含义
该搭配的核心含义是“害怕做某事”,指因恐惧、担忧或不安而避免或不愿进行某个动作。其本义源于“afraid”(害怕)与“of doing sth.”(做某事)的组合,强调对行为本身的恐惧或对后果的担忧。引申义包括:1)因风险或危险而畏惧,如“be afraid of losing one's job”;2)因社交或心理压力而顾虑,如“be afraid of making mistakes”;3)礼貌地表达担忧或委婉拒绝,如“I'm afraid of bothering you”。各义项均围绕“对行为的负面预期”展开,从具体危险到抽象顾虑,层层引申。
构词与来源
“afraid”源自古法语“esfreer”,意为“使不安”,由拉丁语“ex-”(出)和“friðu”(和平)组成,本义为“失去和平”,即“受惊”。“of”为介词,表示对象。“doing”是“do”的动名词形式。整个结构为“be + afraid + of + 动名词”,逻辑上表达“对做某事感到害怕”。记忆时可将“afraid”拆解为“a-”(加强)+“fraid”(源自“fray”,争吵),联想为“处于争吵中而恐惧”,再结合“of doing”记住固定搭配。
适用语境
该搭配广泛用于日常口语、文学作品和新闻报道中。在日常口语中,语气随意,常表达个人恐惧,如“I'm afraid of speaking in public.”。在文学作品中,用于刻画人物心理,如“She was afraid of losing him.”。在新闻报道中,多用于描述公众担忧,如“Residents are afraid of rising crime.”。在商务邮件中,较少使用,若出现则多为委婉表达,如“I'm afraid of delaying the project.”。学术写作中罕见,通常用“fear”或“concern”替代。不同场景下,语气从个人化到客观化,但核心含义不变。
用法要点
该搭配中“be”动词需随主语和时态变化,如“am/is/are afraid of doing”。后接动名词(doing),不可接不定式(to do),但“be afraid to do”也存在,语义略有不同(见近义辨析)。常见句型:主语 + be afraid of + 动名词/名词短语。易错点:1)误用“of to do”,应删去“of”;2)混淆“afraid of doing”与“afraid to do”;3)在否定句中,需注意“not”的位置,如“I'm not afraid of trying.”。此外,“afraid”作表语时不可单独使用,必须搭配“be”或其他系动词。
同义词区别
与“be afraid of doing”近义的表达有“be scared of doing”“fear doing”“be terrified of doing”和“be afraid to do”。“be scared of doing”更口语化,语气较轻;“fear doing”更正式,常用于书面语;“be terrified of doing”程度更强,表示极度恐惧;“be afraid to do”则强调因害怕而不敢行动,而“be afraid of doing”更侧重于对行为后果的担忧,如“I'm afraid to jump”(不敢跳)vs.“I'm afraid of jumping”(怕跳了会受伤)。选择时需根据恐惧程度和侧重点。
使用注意
该搭配为中性表达,无褒贬色彩,但语域偏口语化,正式写作中建议用“fear”或“be concerned about”替代。常见误用:1)与“be afraid of + 名词”混淆,后者表示害怕某物,如“be afraid of dogs”;2)过度使用“afraid”表达轻微担心,如“I'm afraid of being late”在口语中常简化为“I'm afraid I'll be late”,后者更自然。此外,在礼貌用语中,“I'm afraid”可单独使用表示遗憾,但与本搭配不同。
词语搭配
| be afraid of being alone | 害怕独处 |
| be afraid of making mistakes | 害怕犯错 |
| be afraid of the dark | 怕黑 |
| be afraid of losing control | 害怕失去控制 |
| be afraid of hurting someone | 害怕伤害别人 |
| be afraid of failing | 害怕失败 |
| be afraid of being rejected | 害怕被拒绝 |
例句
- She is afraid of flying, so she always takes the train.她害怕坐飞机,所以总是坐火车。
- I'm afraid of making a wrong decision in this matter.我担心在这件事上做出错误的决定。
- He was afraid of being laughed at by his classmates.他害怕被同学嘲笑。
- Are you afraid of losing your current position?你害怕失去目前的职位吗?
- The child is afraid of going to the dentist.这个孩子害怕去看牙医。
- I'm afraid of bothering you, but could you help me?我担心打扰你,但你能帮我吗?